Black Pottery of Azamgarh ( Nizamabad)
History
Nizamabad is a small town situated about 100 km (62 miles) north of Varanasi on the river Tons, which feeds several lakes on the outskirts of the town. In the mid-17th century Muslim invaders attacked this town, which was originally called Hanumantgarh (Hindu), changing the name to Nizamabad. Potters were invited from Gujrat by the Rulers. The highly decorative silver inlay incorporated into the pottery here has developed through the influence of bidri metal work brought in by the Muslims from Hyderabad.
Techniques Used
Clay is moistened with water for a night, kneaded with hands or feet for a short span. This clay is then thrown on the potters wheel and the potters hand gives them the shape. The earthenware is dipped into the solution of yellow clay and sajji mitti (crude carbonate of soda) locally called kabiz. After drying of this solution, mustard oil is applied on to it for burnishing. A sharp floral twig engraves design. The object is fired. A lustrous glaze effect engraves on the pot. The final ornamentation is the inlay work. Bukani (a prepared mixture of lead, zinc and mercury) is rubbed into engraved lines with thumb. A lustrous effect is produced by the evolution of a dark oxide by the solution (mixture of yellow clay and crude carbonate of soda). For a further shiny ornamentation, a mixture of tin and mercury is applied on the engraved design.
Design & Styles
The vessels are jet black in colour, with silvery floral pattern which gives an impression of bidri ware. The superior black colour of the pottery of Azamgarh has a distinct charm.
Common Materials Used
Pili mitti (yellow clay), sajji mitti (crude carbonate of soda), vegetable matter, vegetable oil.
Popular Products
Jars, ghadda /matka (pots), dishes, handi (cooking vessels), bowls, surahis, containers, beakers, jugs, vases, incense holders and plates.
